import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.nio.charset.*;

public class Server {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(6666); // 监听指定端口
        System.out.println("server is running...");
        for (;;) {
            Socket sock = ss.accept();
            System.out.println("connected from " + sock.getRemoteSocketAddress());
            Thread t = new Handler(sock);
            t.start();
        }
    }
}

class Handler extends Thread {
    Socket sock;

    public Handler(Socket sock) {
        this.sock = sock;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {  // 建立连接后，线程start时
        try (InputStream input = this.sock.getInputStream()) {
            try (OutputStream output = this.sock.getOutputStream()) {
                handle(input, output);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            try {
                this.sock.close();
            } catch (IOException ioe) {
            }
            System.out.println("client disconnected.");
        }
    }

    private void handle(InputStream input, OutputStream output) throws IOException {
        var writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(output, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        var reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(input, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        writer.write("hello\n");
        writer.flush();
        for (;;) {
            String s = reader.readLine();
            if (s.equals("bye")) {
                writer.write("bye\n");
                writer.flush();
                break;
            }
            writer.write("ok: " + s + "\n");
            writer.flush();
        }
    }
}

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Socket sock = new Socket("localhost", 6666); // 连接指定服务器和端口
        try (InputStream input = sock.getInputStream()) {
            try (OutputStream output = sock.getOutputStream()) {
                handle(input, output);
            }
        }
        sock.close();
        System.out.println("disconnected.");
    }

    private static void handle(InputStream input, OutputStream output) throws IOException {
        var writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(output, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        var reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(input, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("[server] " + reader.readLine());
        for (;;) {
            System.out.print(">>> "); // 打印提示
            String s = scanner.nextLine(); // 读取一行输入
            writer.write(s);
            writer.newLine();
            writer.flush();
            String resp = reader.readLine();
            System.out.println("<<< " + resp);
            if (resp.equals("bye")) {
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

static HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.newBuilder().build();

import java.net.URI;
import java.net.http.*;
import java.net.http.HttpClient.Version;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.*;

public class Main {
    // 全局HttpClient:
    static HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.newBuilder().build();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String url = "https://www.sina.com.cn/"; 
        // HttpRequest.newBuilder构造请求
        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder(new URI(url))
            // 设置Header:
            .header("User-Agent", "Java HttpClient").header("Accept", "*/*")
            // 设置超时:
            .timeout(Duration.ofSeconds(5))
            // 设置版本:
            .version(Version.HTTP_2).build();
        // send请求，接收响应
        HttpResponse<String> response = httpClient.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
        // HTTP允许重复的Header，因此一个Header可对应多个Value:
        Map<String, List<String>> headers = response.headers().map();
        for (String header : headers.keySet()) {
            System.out.println(header + ": " + headers.get(header).get(0));
        }
        System.out.println(response.body().substring(0, 1024) + "...");
    }
}

String url = "http://www.example.com/login";
String body = "username=bob&password=123456";
HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder(new URI(url))
    // 设置Header:
    .header("Accept", "*/*")
    .header("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded") // 编码类型
    // 设置超时:
    .timeout(Duration.ofSeconds(5))
    // 设置版本:
    .version(Version.HTTP_2)
    // 使用POST并设置Body:
    .POST(BodyPublishers.ofString(body, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)).build();
HttpResponse<String> response = httpClient.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
String s = response.body();

Stream<BigInteger> naturals = createNaturalStream(); // 全体自然数
Stream<BigInteger> streamNxN = naturals.map(n -> n.multiply(n)); // 全体自然数的平方

createNaturalStream()
    .map(BigInteger::multiply)
    .limit(100)
    .forEach(System.out::println);

int result = createNaturalStream() // 创建Stream
             .filter(n -> n % 2 == 0) // 任意个转换
             .map(n -> n * n) // 任意个转换
             .limit(100) // 任意个转换
             .sum(); // 最终计算结果

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Stream<String> stream = Stream.of("A", "B", "C", "D");
        // forEach()方法相当于内部循环调用，
        // 可传入符合Consumer接口的void accept(T t)的方法引用：
        stream.forEach(System.out::println);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Stream<String> stream1 = Arrays.stream(new String[] { "A", "B", "C" });
        Stream<String> stream2 = List.of("X", "Y", "Z").stream();
        stream1.forEach(System.out::println);
        stream2.forEach(System.out::println);
    }

// 将int[]数组变为IntStream:
IntStream is = Arrays.stream(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 });
// 将Stream<String>转换为LongStream:
LongStream ls = List.of("1", "2", "3").stream().mapToLong(Long::parseLong);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List.of("  Apple ", " pear ", " ORANGE", " BaNaNa ")
                .stream()
                .map(String::trim) // 去空格
                .map(String::toLowerCase) // 变小写
                .forEach(System.out::println); // 打印
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        IntStream.of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
                .filter(n -> n % 2 != 0)
                .forEach(System.out::println);
    }

int sum = Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9).reduce(0, (acc, n) -> acc + n);
System.out.println(sum); // 45

// 按行读取配置文件:
        List<String> props = List.of("profile=native", "debug=true", "logging=warn", "interval=500");
        Map<String, String> map = props.stream()
                // 把k=v转换为Map[k]=v:
                .map(kv -> {
                    String[] ss = kv.split("\\=", 2);
                    return Map.of(ss[0], ss[1]);
                })
                // 把所有Map聚合到一个Map:
                .reduce(new HashMap<String, String>(), (m, kv) -> {
                    m.putAll(kv);
                    return m;
                });
        // 打印结果:
        map.forEach((k, v) -> {
            System.out.println(k + " = " + v);
        });

List<String> list = stream
              .filter(s -> s != null && !s.isBlank())
              .collect(Collectors.toList());

String[] array = list.stream().toArray(String[]::new);

Stream<String> stream = Stream.of("APPL:Apple", "MSFT:Microsoft");
        Map<String, String> map = stream
                .collect(Collectors.toMap(
                        // 把元素s映射为key:
                        s -> s.substring(0, s.indexOf(':')),
                        // 把元素s映射为value:
                        s -> s.substring(s.indexOf(':') + 1)));
        System.out.println(map);

List<String> list = List.of("Apple", "Banana", "Blackberry", "Coconut", "Avocado", "Cherry", "Apricots");
        Map<String, List<String>> groups = list.stream()
                .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(s -> s.substring(0, 1), Collectors.toList()));
        System.out.println(groups);

List<String> list = List.of("Orange", "apple", "Banana")
    .stream()
    .sorted(String::compareToIgnoreCase)
    .collect(Collectors.toList());

List.of("A", "B", "A", "C", "B", "D")
    .stream()
    .distinct()
    .collect(Collectors.toList()); // [A, B, C, D]

List.of("A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F")
    .stream()
    .skip(2) // 跳过A, B
    .limit(3) // 截取C, D, E
    .collect(Collectors.toList()); // [C, D, E]

Stream<String> s1 = List.of("A", "B", "C").stream();
Stream<String> s2 = List.of("D", "E").stream();
// 合并:
Stream<String> s = Stream.concat(s1, s2);
System.out.println(s.collect(Collectors.toList())); // [A, B, C, D, E]

Stream<List<Integer>> s = Stream.of(
        Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3),
        Arrays.asList(4, 5, 6),
        Arrays.asList(7, 8, 9)
)); 
Stream<Integer> i = s.flatMap(list -> list.stream());

Stream<String> s = ...
String[] result = s.parallel() // 变成一个可以并行处理的Stream
                   .sorted() // 可以进行并行排序
                   .toArray(String[]::new);

// WebServlet注解表示这是一个Servlet，并映射到地址/:
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/")
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 设置响应类型:
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        // 获取输出流:
        PrintWriter pw = resp.getWriter();
        // 写入响应:
        pw.write("<h1>Hello, world!</h1>");
        // 最后不要忘记flush强制输出:
        pw.flush();
    }
}